Targetting: widely separated batteries or sections (over 6" apart) may not combine their fire onto distant targets (over 16"), unless a) the target is the closest enemy to each battery, or b) the target is within charge range of a friendly unit. 

   Captured battery sections may be turned on the enemy, but only canister fired. A stand of infantry must be assigned to each battery section to do this. It is then treated as a normal battery section, but may not move except by prolonge movement. Infantry losing a stand this way, continue to count stand for turn status, but not in firing or combat. If battery is subsequently lost or abandoned, stand returns to unit, unless destroyed with the section/battery.  

   Prolonge Movement: guns may be man-handled by prolonge, using ropes and hand spike, up to 1” per turn, forwards or backwards. Batteries may change section facing by 45% in prolonge movement. This will occupy a half-turn. Batteries may fire at half effect.

Firing

   Surprise Fire: units may be fired upon, from close range, (within 4") by concealed units . Movement is completed by the active player, the firer then chooses at what point the fire is made. It may be combined with other fire. Active player then rolls on Surprise Fire Effects table. The unit may need to be moved back to the point of fire, and table effects worked out from there.

   Surprise fire may be achieved by hidden units or by units lying down in cover and standing up to fire; units using skirmishers cannot be surprised.

Infantry Firing:

   Weapon Distribution: in a random game, weapon distribution should reflect the distribution for the relevant period.

   Targeting: it is assumed that any infantry or cavalry stands able to fire, will target any enemy to their immediate front. When no target is available, they may engage in flank (oblique) fire, on any stands within the normal fire arc.

   Low on Ammo: Confederates go low on ammo if a 9 or 10 is rolled, to reflect the fact that they typically carried less ammunition than the union. (30 rounds as opposed to 50).

  Point Blank Volley: a unit may choose to reserve fire until the last minute, rather than fire at greater ranges. +1 to fire die roll if a unit holds its fire against a target until it is within close range.

   Flank Fire: is any infantry fire from either flank, from stands that do not overlap the frontage of any of the defending units stands.

   A unit without skirmishers receiving flank fire (oblique) from at least 4 infantry stands, is pushed back 1" on that flank, if not lying down or in works. Angle the line to keep a straight deployment line. If both flanks receive flank fire push the whole regiment back 1".

   Snipers: usually operated in a skirmish line, with a specialised sniper rifle. There will only be one, if 9/10 is rolled when the skirmishers are deployed. Fires in the normal sequence, specifying individual target within 30". Hit on a roll of 9/10. +1 to die roll if below 15". May target any regimental, brigade or divisional commanders. Target rolls on fallen leader table.

Artillery Firing:

   Batteries of 4 or 6 guns are represented by 2 or 3 stands. Each stand represents a section of 2 guns. At this level of the game, it is unlikely that there will be more than 1 battery per side.

• Artillery may fire any of 4 types of ammunition.

• Canister: used against infantry, double-shotted at close range. Use the existing canister funnel extended with a ruler.

• Shell: was used against buildings, earthworks and units under cover. If 9 or 10 is rolled, any target building building catches fire. (+1 to die roll for rifled pieces)

• Shrapnel: was used against bodies of infantry at longer ranges, usually 500 - 1500yds. Roll for leader if 10 is rolled. (+1 to die roll for rifled pieces)

• Solid Shot: was used against buildings, works, and bodies of troops at longer range. It was more accurate than other ammunition. No bonus for rifled pieces, because though it was more accurate, rifled projectiles often buried themselves on impact. When firing shot into forward slopes -1 from die roll.

• All artillery firing shrapnel, shell and shot, deduct 1 from the die roll if target has moved more than 6" that turn.

   Disordered batteries: may fire at half effect. This status can be removed a) the turn after the battery fails to receive fire, or b) by a withdrawal of at least 4".

   Prolonge Fire: using the prolonge hooks, a battery may fire whilst withdrawing. To do so it moves half distance and fires at half effect. It may do this a section at a time.

   Firing Over Troops: batteries may fire over their own troops if they are above them and more than 6" behind them, or at an elevated target, if they are similarly more than 6" behind their own troops. A roll or 1 or 2 when firing over friendly troops, disorders that unit, as debris falls on them.

Melee

   Manoeuvre Modifiers: add the following modifiers…  

• -1 if cav. failed reaction charge, v. cavalry, cumulative with other modifiers.
• -1 if target of surprise attack..
• Rolling 10 in combat, and winning, enemy colours captured. (1VP)

   Surprise Attack: units may be charged by concealed units from within 4". Fire at the attackers may ONLY be at 1/2 effect from the surprised unit. Normal combat follows, except that defender has an extra -1 surprised combat modifier.

Other Additions

   Buildings: are more significant at this scale. The can be occupied by a regiment, count as rough ground to cross, and will block line of sight. Count as hard cover -2 to fire, +2 to defend. Defenders must vacate a burning building the turn after it is fired, or lose 1 stand per turn. 

   Hidden units: in certain circumstances, units may be hidden by design, terrain or weather. If there is no line of sight between the enemy and the entire deploying unit, a command stand may represent the unit, until it is seen.

   Units may be ‘hidden’ as part of a scenario, and become visible when enemy are within 4" (2”  in woods) unless they reveal themselves by firing or moving first.

   If one side starts on the table, and the other deploys onto it, then the ‘in situ’ side may hide units, but the locations and facing must be written down clearly beforehand. They are revealed as above.

   Hidden units do not have skirmishers deployed.

   Fog: mist limits visibility. Deploy and move infantry and cavalry unit command stands only.

   Units become visible when within 4” of an enemy unit (2”  in woods). The moving unit is placed first. Command stand remains on the spot. Remaining stands are placed in line, either side, or column.

   If deploying from the table edge, batteries are placed limbered when mist clears, within half their possible maximum movement range for the misty turns, leaders where desired.

   Mist clears on a roll of 7 or more by either player from turn 3.

   Darkness: When twilight falls, visibility and command radius is reduced to 8” for 2 turns.

   Once it is dark, visibility is reduced to 4”. All stands other than command stands can then be removed, until within 4” of an enemy.

Please feel free to send me any comments on the workability of these rule adaptations. Dave Hynds